How Chemotherapy Is Given

Chemotherapy can be delivered in several different ways. Your doctor will choose the method that works best for your specific cancer and treatment plan. Treatments may use one medication or a combination, and they are usually given in cycles – periods of treatment followed by time for your body to rest and recover.

Ways Chemotherapy Can Be Given

Oral Chemotherapy (Pills or Capsules)

Some chemotherapy drugs can be taken at home as a pill. This option can be more convenient, but it’s important to take the medication exactly as prescribed. Not all chemo drugs are available in pill form.

Intravenous (IV) Chemotherapy

This is the most common method. Medication is given directly into your bloodstream through a vein. Depending on the medication, treatment may take only a few minutes—or several hours or days.

Other Methods of Delivery

Chemotherapy may also be given:

  • Into a body cavity (such as the bladder)
  • Into a muscle (intramuscular)
  • Into spinal fluid (intrathecal)
    These methods are used when the medication needs to reach a specific area in the body.

Treatment Cycles: What to Expect

Chemotherapy is typically given in repeating cycles.

Each cycle includes:

  • Treatment days (when you receive the medication)
  • A rest and recovery period

Cycles usually last 1 to 4 weeks, and most treatment plans include 4 to 6 cycles, depending on the medication and your diagnosis.

Venous Access Devices (VADs)

Some patients receive chemotherapy through a venous access device (VAD). This small device is placed under the skin and connects to a major vein. It makes receiving treatment easier and reduces the number of needle sticks.

You may benefit from a VAD if you need:

  • Frequent chemotherapy
  • Regular blood draws
  • Long-term treatments

Common Types of VADs

  • Implanted ports (Port‑a‑Cath) – placed under the skin; accessed with a special needle during treatment
  • Tunneled catheters (e.g., Hickman® catheter) – a small tube that exits the skin for easy access

Not everyone needs a VAD. Your care team will decide if one is right for you.

Oral Chemotherapy vs. IV Chemotherapy

Benefits of Oral Chemotherapy

  • Can be taken at home
  • Less time in the clinic

Benefits of IV Chemotherapy

  • Your care team can monitor you during treatment
  • Ensures the full dose is delivered
  • Some medications are only available through IV

Your doctor will recommend the safest and most effective option for your treatment.