What is a clinical trial?

A clinical trial is a research study designed to evaluate how well a new medical approach works in people. As a patient at Illinois CancerCare, you may have the opportunity to participate in a clinical trial that offers access to innovative, cutting‑edge treatment options.

Participation in a clinical trial is always voluntary. Whether you choose to take part in the trial or not will never affect the quality of care you receive.

Why participate?

By participating in a clinical trial, you may gain access to new and advanced therapies while simultaneously contributing to research that benefits future cancer patients. Clinical research plays a vital role in advancing cancer care and treatment, improving outcomes for current and future patients, and shaping the treatments of tomorrow.

Clinical Research Beyond Treatment

Cancer research extends far beyond testing new treatments. Today’s clinical oncology research addresses every stage of the cancer journey, from prevention and screening to diagnosis, symptom management, cancer care delivery, and survivorship. These studies help improve not only how cancer is treated, but also how patients experience care.

What is molecular testing?

Understanding Molecular Testing

As part of modern cancer care and clinical research, molecular testing helps doctors better understand the unique characteristics of a person’s cancer. This information is especially important when identifying treatment options and determining eligibility for certain clinical trials.

Molecular testing examines your DNA to identify specific changes, called mutations, that may influence how cancer cells grow and behave.

How Gene Changes Can Influence Cancer Growth

Our genes control how cells grow, divide, and function by directing the production of proteins. When mutations occur, cells may begin making abnormal proteins (or stop making the important ones), which causes them to grow and divide uncontrollably.

Over time, and often after several genetic changes, this uncontrolled growth can lead to cancer.

Most cancer-related mutations develop during a person’s lifetime rather than being inherited. Some are linked to external factors such as tobacco use or sun exposure, while others occur randomly within a cell without a clear cause.

Personalized Care and Clinical Trial Matching

Every cancer is unique. Molecular testing gives your provider and research team valuable insight into the biology of your cancer, supporting a more tailored approach to your care.

Depending on your diagnosis and test results, molecular testing may:

  • Help guide treatment recommendations
  • Support enrollment in a clinical trial fitting your cancer’s genetic profile
  • Ensure treatment decisions are based on the most current scientific evidence

Your oncologist and research team will discuss whether molecular testing is appropriate for you and how the results may inform both treatment decisions and potential clinical trial opportunities.

Joining a Trial: What to Expect

Choosing whether to participate in a clinical trial is a personal decision. At Illinois CancerCare, our goal is to ensure you feel informed, supported, and comfortable every step of the way.

Each clinical trial has specific guidelines that determine who may take part. These eligibility criteria are carefully designed to help ensure patient safety and allow researchers to accurately study the treatment being tested.

Eligibility may be based on several factors, including:

  • Type and stage of cancer
  • Prior treatments you may have received
  • Overall health and medical history
  • Results from laboratory tests or imaging
  • Molecular or genetic features of the cancer, when applicable

Your physician and research team will review these criteria with you and determine whether a particular clinical trial may be a good fit for your individual situation.

Before joining a clinical trial, you will take part in a process called informed consent. This is a detailed discussion with your physician and a member of our research team to help you understand what participation involves.

You will receive a written informed consent form that explains the study in clear detail. The research team will review this information with you and answer all of your questions.

You are encouraged to:

  • Take the form home to review
  • Ask as many questions as you need
  • Discuss the study with family members or friends
  • Take the time you need before making a decision

The goal of informed consent is to make sure you understand the study before you choose whether to participate.

Participation in a clinical trial is always voluntary.

  • You may decide not to join a trial
  • You may leave a clinical trial at any time, even after signing the consent form
  • Discuss the study with family members or friends
  • Your care team will help ensure a safe transition if you choose to end participation.

The goal of informed consent is to make sure you understand the study before you choose whether to participate.

Participating in a clinical trial is a choice that should be made with confidence and understanding. Your Illinois CancerCare team is here to provide guidance, answer questions, and help you explore whether a clinical trial may be right for you.

We encourage you to speak with your oncologist about available clinical trials and what options may best support your care.

Have more questions?